GENERATION Z-XY
As we can see, our world is constantly changing. Technology develops and arises and thus people tend to cope-up with the issues and the tasks we need to do. Machineries are now there to make our duties easier and less complicated
LUZON
-Luzon, Philippines' biggest and highest island. It is the location of Manila, capital of the country and the biggest city, and the city of Quezon. The Philippine Sea (east), Sibiu Sea (south), and Chinese Sea (West), which lie on the northern part of the Philippine archipelago, is bordered by the Philippine Sea. The Strait of the Luzon divides Luzon from Taiwan to the north.
Philippines
-Despite the plans to become an industrialized economy by 2000, the Philippines remains primarily an agricultural region. Most people also live in rural areas and are assisted by agriculture. The agriculture sector of the country consists of four subsectors: agriculture, fisheries, livestock and forestry (sectors that are very small) which together employ 39.8% of the working population and contribute 20 % of GDP.
-The rampant transformation of agricultural land into golf courses, residential subdivisions and industrial Parks or resorts is one of the most pressing issues within the agricultural sector. In 1993, the country lost 2,300 hectares of irrigated rice land a year. Small landowners find it more lucrative, particularly because they have no seed, fertilisers , pesticides and salaries to hire workers to plan and harvest crops, that they are selling their land in replacement for cash. Another issue concerns the continued dependency of farmers on chemical fertilizers or pesticides that have over time damaged soil productivity. However, the farmers have increasingly turned to organic fertilizer or at least a mix of chemical and organic inputs in the last few years.
-There are substantial differences between the Philippines’ regions and provinces in terms of income. Poverty incidence, poverty gaps, and income gaps greatly vary from region to region and from one province to another (Monsod and Monsod, 2003). Also, there is a widely held view that Luzon gets more than its fair share as opposed to the Visayas and especially to Mindanao in terms of development policies (Balisacan and Fuwa, 2003). Given such disparities, there is enough reason to suspect that there may also be inequality in the distribution of education across regions and provinces. Thus, areas, where most people have low educational attainment, are likely to be more economically distressed. A study of between-region, within-region, between-province, and within-province education inequality is useful for exploring inequality issues in the Philippines given the country’s socioeconomic diversity across regions and provinces.
Agriculture
-The country's leaders are the rice, maize, cocoa, sugarcane, mango, bananas, and industry (concentrated near Manila). The main grain producing region is a central plain which extends 100 miles (160 km) north of Manila. The impressive rice terraces of the mountaineers of Ifugao are further north. On the peninsulas of Bondoc and Bicol there are extensive cocoa plantations. There is mining of iron, gold, manganese and copper. The woodlands grow outstanding hardwoods.
-AGRICULTURE SECTOR IN CENTRAL LUZON-
Number of Farms Decreased by 2.7 Percent in 2002.- In 2002 Central Luzon reported 341,5000 farms covering 552,1 thousand hectares for agricultural use. The total agricultural area in the region accounted for 25.6% of the total area of the territory. The number of farms declined by 2,7% compared to 1991, compared with 350,8000 farms. Similarly, the total area of 632,5 thousand hectares decreased by 12.7 percent. This led to a small decline in average farmer size from 1.8 ha per farm in 1991 to 1.6 ha per farm in 2002. In general, an annual growth rate of 3,2% could be due to the decline in the number of agricultural farms in the area. Agricultural land could, in particular in highly urbanized districts like Angeles City and Olongapo, have been transformed into a residential or commercial land for population development.Approximately 88.1% of the total farms in the area had two parcels on average of two parcels per farmer in 2002 at most.- Palay was the Major Temporary Crop in Central Luzon The main temporary crop in the area in 2002 was Palay, which cultivated on 522.8 thousand hectares on 250.1 thousand farms. But the area for this crop decreased by 19.5%, compared with 649,7 000 hectares in 1991. Tubers, roots, and bulbs covering 21,3,000 hectares in 44,5 thousand farms were the next big temporary crop. Other temporary crops dominating the area were corn and sugarcane (17,0 thousand hectares), and vegetable fruit (10,8 thousand hectares). Other temporary crops were maize. In 2002 Palay was the main temporary crop in Central Luzon across provinces. In Nueva Ecija (249.9 thousand hectares), almost half (47.8 percent ) of the total area planted with the palate was planted and almost one fifth (19.3 percent) was planted in Tarlac (101.0 thousand hectares).
Coconut was the Dominant Permanent Crop- In 2002, in terms of the number of hills / trees / vines, coconut was the dominant permanent cultivation in the region. In 104,4 thousand farms there were planting 3,7 million coconut trees. The number of cocoa trees rose by 48.9%, up from 2,5 million trees in 1991. In a total of 72,1 thousand farms, Banana ranked second, with 3,6 million hills. The third largest crop in 183,7 thousand farms was mango, which had 2,6 million trees, nearly tripled over the estimated 1991 trees. The increase in mango trees could be due to the growing demand for mangoes in the Philippines worldwide. Kalamansi and coffee robusta with 1,5 million trees and 545,3000 trees respectively, were other significant permanent cultures in the area.
Individual Irrigation System was Common in the Region. -Irrigation was a main way of growing agricultural crop production in 2002 in Central Luzon. Roughly 248,9 thousand farms with irrigated area, or 69,6 per cent of agricultural land, covered 384,4 thousand hectares. In a region where 123.4 thousand farms with an irrigated area of 164.2 thousand hectares were supplied with water, individual irrigation systems had been common. The next popular method of national irrigation was that of water supplying 87,5 000 farms with a total irrigated surface area of 132,1000 ha. Most of the region's irrigation facilities benefited from agricultural lands planted with temporary crops.
Number of Hogs Increased by 58.5 percent - In Central Luzon, hogs had the largest population among the animals grown up and tended. The number ran to 1.4 million hogs in 2002 (58.5% increase), out of the total 870,1 thousand hogs reported in 1991. Around 34.4% of these originated in Tarlac, 32.0% in Bulacan, and 14.4% in Pampanga. In 41,2 thousand farms, goat tending ranked second at 184.1 thousand heads. The 1991 headcount, 169,4 thousand, increased approximately 8.7 percent. Nueva Ecija (34.4 percent) was a high proportion of this livestock.Carabbeans (153,4 thousand), cattle (132,1 thousand) and horses (4,2 thousand) also raised and nurtured the main animals in Central Luzon.
Raising of chicken Dominated the Poultry Raising Activity. - In 2002 the chicken inventory in 200,2 thousand farms reached 26,3 million heads, up 68,5% from 15,6 million headcounts in 1991. The total number of chicken raised in the area was 31.7 per cent by Tarlac and 29.2 per cent by Pampanga. As well as the rise in chicken, quails increased considerably doubly from 1,1 million heads in 1991 to 3,4 million heads in 2002. The highest proportion was Bulacan and Pampanga, respectively, with 42.1% and 30.3% of quails. Duck raising was the third in sixty-one thousand farms with 2.4 million heads. A decline in inventory of ducks was observed of about 31 percent compared with 1991. The highest share of the total ducks in the area is Nueva Ecija and Bulacan with 29.7% and 29.1%.
Ornamental and Flower Gardening was Also Practiced in the Region In the area of 1.3 thousand farms used for this operation were also performed in addition to traditional agricultural activities such as planting palate, maize etc. This figure was however 54% below the 2000 farms used in 1991 for this form of agriculture. Orchid growth grew second with the number of farms used in 1991 rising by 93.0 percent. In Zambales, the total farm used to grow orchids were more than one fourth (28.6 per cent).Nearly Nine in Ten Agriculture Operators were Males- Roughly 87.8% of farmers in the area are males. About half (51.1 percent) among male farm operators were between 35 and 54 years of age, and most female farmers (67.5 percent) were older, 50 and older.One in Every Four Household Members were Engaged in Agriculture- Agricultural operators household members were asked whether, during the reference time or in their own holdings, other farms and both, they had been engaged in some agricultural activity. The number of household members in 2002 was 254,5 thousand (25,7 percent) involved in agricultural activity. Among these household members there were 202,0 thousand, (79.4 per cent), 26,2 thousand (10.3 per cent), both owned and owned, and 26,3 thousand, other households (10.3 per cent). While male operators dominated the agricultural activities in 2002, females employed 43,8 thousand men to support their farms or employees on other farms.
BELOW IS THE LINK THAT CONTAINS THE TABLES RESEARCHED BY OUR TEAM
Livelihood
• The relatively least amount of potential displacements is in: 95,000 financial jobs (25% affected); 34,000 health and social work jobs (10%); 24,000 mining and quarrying jobs (25%); and 10,000 utility jobs (10%).
• The group said that any disruptions in the livelihoods of displaced workers and informal sector earners will have grave consequences. There are approximately 14.3 million families in Luzon. IBON initially estimated that 3.9 million of these families have a monthly income of around Php11,000 or less, 2.2 million of between Php11,000-15,000, and 2.3 million of between Php15,000-20,000. These 8.4 million families of around 32.5 million Filipinos have very low incomes and little savings.
• Poor and low-income families are the most at risk from even short-term disruptions in earnings, said the group. Many among the 4.5 million families in Luzon with monthly incomes between Php11,000-20,000 even risk being pushed into poverty without expedient government support.
• The study places food security in a livelihood systems context, in which foodsecurity is seen as a major outcome of livelihood generation by households. Experts have argued that food security is but one element of livelihood security and that indicators of the former should not be interpreted independent of a good understanding of the latter (Maxwell, 1996; Chambers, 1989; Maxwell and Smith, 1992; Davies, 1993; Frankenberger and Coyle,a secure livelihood but not necessarily nutrient secure (Balatibat, 2004).
• understood and assessed more meaningfully, and clearly, if seen from a livelihood systems’ perspective. The word “outcome” stresses and presupposes the existence of processes critical to whether or not food security is achieved.This thesis holds the livelihood systems approach as fundamental in order to understand the interrelations between the physical natural environments, the socio-economic environments, and the internal environment of the household. In this context, the livelihood systems perspective applied to the small farming household recognizes the multiplicity of activities (farm, offfarm, non-farm) that the household pursues to provide for income and food that will satisfy the other material needs, and conditions the satisfaction of non-material needs (Niehof, 2004). Indeed the movement away from the farm is evident in the rural communities and the conventionally called ‘farming households’ are actually decision units of multi-activities.
• Livelihood portfolio and strategies Alternative livelihood activities (i.e. farm, off-farm and non-farm) open tohouseholds are diverse to a limited or wider degree, depending on the assets, resources, and the environment of opportunities (i.e. access included). This resource-using mix of activities that households engage in in order to earn a living for various ends (e.g. adequate food, clothing, shelter; better education,save for enterprise) is called the “livelihood portfolio”. (Ellis, 2000; Niehof and Price, 2001). In different situations and for various reasons, rural households have increasingly maintained a diverse set of livelihoods (i.e.some permanent, some transitory; all transitory or seasonal). Rural livelihood diversification has become a strategy of households in order to survive and improve their standard of living (Ellis, 2000; Reardon et al., 2001; Niehof,2004). It also has become a rural development strategy in the last two decades moving away from the purist view on agriculture as the main development vehicle. In this study, the concept of livelihood portfolio is the basis for the definition of “livelihood type” which is used to characterize households, and also as a variable used in various analyses. The diversity of livelihoods carries with it different sets of relations
Education
-The proportions of the population with complete secondary, partial tertiary, and complete tertiary education are highest in NCR in 2000. NCR is also the region with the lowest proportion of illiterates. Next to NCR, Regions 1, 3, and 4 have high proportions of the population with 10 or more years of schooling (those who have completed secondary education or higher). These three regions’ proportions of illiterates are also very low at 2% or less. Two comparisons of provinces located in the same region: Region 4’s Cavite and Batangas. Although both are CALABARZON provinces, there is a great disparity between the education performance of Batangas and Cavite. It shows that contrary to Cavite, a large proportion of Batangas’ population has only completed primary school in 2000. Also, the proportion of illiterates (no schooling) and those who had partial primary schooling are much larger in Batangas than in Cavite. Of all the provinces in Region 5, only Masbate belongs to the lower half of the education Gini coefficient ranking. It is also the 9th province with the lowest average years of schooling. Only 21% of its economically active population has 10 or more years of schooling.
Infrastructure
-Collapsed bridges, unsafe power grids, interrupted water supply: Weak infrastructure can turn natural hazards into disasters. Now in its sixth edition, the annual report and index highlight several key areas: level of exposure (likelihood of a natural disaster), vulnerability (level of susceptibility), how well a society can cope (resilience) and what preventive measures can be taken. Infrastructure plays a key role for the question of whether a hazard turns into a disaster. This can go along two lines. On the one hand, infrastructure is of key importance for relief and response work. In the case of a flood, for example, you need reliable streets, bridges and airports in order to get support and relief into the right places quickly. Infrastructure also plays an increasing role for vulnerability in the first place. Infrastructure does not only play a large role for cities themselves but for societies at large. If communication nodal points or service stations go down in urban areas, where between 50 percent and two-thirds of societies live, the rest of the country will be affected as well. A power outage can hinder the flow of relief items to remote villages. One other key thing is that we should not to pin our hopes too much on technology. Smartphones, drones, social media and the like can do a lot, but what's most needed is basic infrastructure like a functioning road network, bridges and airports. Without these in place, no smartphone in the world can help you to get the right relief to remote places affected by landslides and floods. The World Risk Report has two main objectives. The first one is to raise awareness among the next generation of risk managers, politicians, etc., that disaster risk also encompasses building regulations, law enforcement, the level of corruption and so forth. All these things can drive up vulnerability and susceptibility towards these hazards. Secondly, we give recommendations as to what can be done for long-term risk reduction.
Health
-Luzon Health is a five-year (2013-2018) health service strengthening project of USAID/Philippines implemented in partnership with RTI International. The project supports the Department of Health (DOH)-led scale-up of high-impact services and client-centered information to reduce maternal and infant deaths, improve child health and nutrition, and meet the demand for modern family planning services.
-LuzonHealth works with the DOH Regional Offices, provincial, municipal and city health offices, local government units (LGUs), other USAID-supported projects and major stakeholders. The project supports the Philippine Government’s Universal Health Care or Kalusugan Pangkalahatan program aimed at “providing the highest possible quality of health care that is accessible, efficient, equitably distributed, adequately funded, fairly financed, and appropriately used by an informed and empowered public.”
Visayas
-Visayan Islands, also known as Visayas or Bisayas, central Philippine island group. Around the Visayan Seas, Samar and Cambodian Seas, the Visayan group consists of seven larger and several hundred smaller islands. Bohol, Cebu, Leyte, Negros, Masbate, Panay and Samar are the seven major islands. The core group of the Philippine archipelago islands and their smaller neighbours.
-Most Visayan mountains, except Samar and Masbate, are highly hilly in the Visayan Islands. Panay has large eastern plains in which sugarcane and rice are grown. Negros has west, broad plains where sugar cane is cultivated. The crop is also widely cultivated, including in the Visaya, corn, cocoa, bananas, tobacco and radionucli, and also fishing.
Agricultural
-CENTRAL VISAYAS
-Central Visayas is situated between the two ( 2) in central Philippines
Luzon and Mindanao, the main islands. It includes Bohol, Cebu, Negros, East and Siquijor provinces and the smaller community of Camotes Islands, the Bantayan and Panglao. Its boundaries include the North Sea of the Visayas, the South Sea of Bohol, East Leyte, and West Negros. The grounds are distinguished by mountainous areas with small shoreline arable land. The level plateau of Bohol, however, is concentrated on its agricultural areas.-Economy
Central Visayas contributed 6.18 percent to the country’s Gross Domestic Product. In 2011, GRDP increased by 7.93 percent. Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry Sector accounted for 7.81 percent of the regional economy. It recorded an increase of 5.0% in 2011.
-Production
-In 2011 the production of pallets was 322,862 tons, 19,38% more than its volume;
Record of 2010. In 2010, the area grew by 4.86%. Production of maize177,297 tonnes, with a total area of 212,438 hectares, decreased by 0.63 percent.The 2010 level decreased by 1.64 percent.Farming rose by 4.93 percent in 2011. 36 percent of agricultural production was in the plants subsector. The production increased by 9.07 percent. The fishing sub-sector saw a 0.69% decline in production.The most valuable commodities of the area were hog, chicken eggs, palay and sugar cane. In Central Visayas, hog production ranked 4th in national production. It accounts for 55.15% of agriculture production in the region. It was third in sugarcane and chicken egg production. It was third in production.
-Farm number Increased in 2002
-In 2002, Central Visayas reported 430,0 thousand farms, covering 522,4 thousand hectares, for agricultural use. The total area of the region's agriculture included 31.6 percent of the total area of the region. Farms were marginally increased by 1,2 per cent compared to 424,8 thousand in 1991 in Central Visayas. However, from 549,9 thousand hectares reported in 1991, the region's agriculture area decreased by 5.0 percent. This resulted in a decline in average farm size from 1.29 ha per farm in 1991 to 1.21 ha per farm in 2002. Average 1.9 parcels per farm in 2002 were reported in the area. Details revealed that in Bohol and Cebu, the number and area of farms had decreased and in Negros Oriental and Siquijor increased.
-Cebu had the highest farm number
Cebu shared the largest number of farms, covering 146.1 thousand hectares, among the central Provinces of Visaya. Farms comprised 36.3 percent of the entire farms of the region in the province. Negro-Oriental was second with 137,1 thousand holdings, covering 228,8 thousand hectares, while Bohol reached third position with 123.5 thousand farms covering 136.6 miles of hectares. The total number of farms for the province was reduced by 14 per cent and 9.9 percent , respectively from 1991 levels.Corn was the region's main temporary cropIn terms of the planted area, maize has always been the main temporary crop in the region, comprising 238.1 thousand farms and a combined area of 229.0 thousand ha. The next palay was followed by 103,8,000 farms covering 127,4,000 hectares. In 2002, in Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor, maize is the highest temporary crop while in the bohol palate.-Cebu had the highest farm number
Cebu shared the largest number of farms, covering 146.1 thousand hectares, among the central Provinces of Visaya. Farms comprised 36.3 percent of the entire farms of the region in the province. Negro-Oriental was second with 137,1 thousand holdings, covering 228,8 thousand hectares, while Bohol reached third position with 123.5 thousand farms covering 136.6 miles of hectares. The total number of farms for the province was reduced by 14 per cent and 9.9 percent , respectively from 1991 levels.-Corn was the region's main temporary crop
In terms of the planted area, maize has always been the main temporary crop in the region, comprising 238.1 thousand farms and a combined area of 229.0 thousand ha. The next palay was followed by 103,8,000 farms covering 127,4,000 hectares. In 2002, in Cebu, Negros Oriental and Siquijor, maize is the highest temporary crop while in the bohol palate.
-The dominant permanent cultivation was coconut
The highest number of plants in central Visaya, with 10.5 million trees on 246,2 thousander farms, were coconut among the permanent cultivations. In 282.2 thousand farms Banana was next followed by 7.9 million trees. Mango with 1,2 million trees in 113,2 miles of farms was the next most important crop in the area.In 2002, as in 1991, coco was planted mainly in all Central Visayas provinces except Siquijor, where bananas were the largest permanent crop.-Communal irrigation system Was popular in Visaya Central
Irrigation in Central Visaya has been an important tool for the development of farm crops. In 2002, approximately 117,2 000 farms were supplied with water in the region, with an irrigated combined area of 142,7 thousand hectares. In most farms in Central Visayas, the traditional irrigation systems included the municipal irrigation system covering 31,7,000 ha and a single irrigation system providing water supplies for 64,2 000 hectares of agricultural lands. The majority of irrigation facilities in the area benefited from land planted with temporary crops.Farms such as waterwheels, water piping, etc. used other irrigation systems, supplying water for 42.7 000 farms with a gross irrigated area of 32.3 thousand hectares.-Dominated the practice for livestock farming
In Central Visayas, hogs were the dominant livestock. A total of 222,7,000 farms had raised 579,9,000 hogs. The figure was 13% lower than that of 666,3 000 hogs in 1991. In the central Visayas provinces, dog husbandry remained the top livestock farming operation. Goat raising was second with a tendency of 276.5 thousand heads. Cattle rises to the third position with 266,1 miles of heads, a 9.9 percent decline compared to 1991.
-Chicken raising was the key activities for the development of poultry
Chicken raising was the primary practice of raising the number of heads in Central Visaya. Approximately 351,1 thousand farms in the area registered raising 7,6 million chicken; 8,7 percent higher than 7,0 million chicken in 1991.Duck raising ran second, with 7.1 thousand farms reporting that 80.1 mil ducks were raised, while quails ran second, with 629 farms reporting 38.4 thousand ducks. While the number of chicken and quails was significantly increased in 2002, both the head count and the farm works of other poultry in the area were declining.
-Ornamental gardening and flowering was also popular in the area
While most farmers in Central Visaya engaged in traditional farming activities such as pallet planting, corn planting, etc., others were also involved as farms like abee / honeybee crop, silkworm production and other activities. The largest number of farms in the area (10,2 thousand farms) were reported for these types of farming activities, ornamental and flower gardening (other than orchids). The figure was 9.2% below that recorded in 1991 by 11,2 000 farms. Orchid production was also performed mainly, with a rise of 177.9 percent, which in 1991, was between 1,4,000 farms and 3,8,000 farms in 2002. The third development of sericulture / silk / cocoon with 3,2 thousand farms. The growth was noteworthy 9 times over 336 farms in 1991. That is a substantial increase.-Male Agricultural Operators Dominated
More managers than their female counterparts were interested in agriculture. In 2002, 83.8 per cent of total agricultural operations in the region were male operators (360.2 thousand). Meanwhile, most (197.9 thousand) operators in the region were from age 35 to 54. These farmers accounted for 46.0% of the total agricultural operators during the year.Approximately 86,3% of household members engaged in farming Were in own farm holdings-The farmers' household members were asked if they had been interested in agriculture, in their own farm, in other holdings or in both.
The number of households engaged in agricultural activities in 2002 was 323,1 thousand. Of these, about 279,0 thousand workers (86.3 percent) had been employed in their own holdings, 20,0 thousand (6.2 percent) in other holdings and 24,1 mil (7.5 percent) were employed in their own and other holdings. One household member in five (21.8 per cent) aged 10 to 24 was engaged in farming. Among them, four out of five (85.1%) were own-holders. Moreover, while males were the dominant farmers of the year, female household non-operators (196.1000), on the other hand, over 73.8 thousand of their males counterparts, engaged in agricultural activities. Cebu was most interested in total chicken, which was up by 63.2 percent among the provinces in the country.-WESTERN VISAYAS
-In 2002, the number of farms grew 4%
There was an increase of 411.6 thousand farms in Western Visayas in 1991 to 429.5 thousand agricultural farms in 2002. On the other hand, from 754,4 thousand hectares the area of agriculture dropped to 666,9 thousand hectares. The field of agriculture constituted 32.4 percent of the total area of the territory. The decrease in the area covered by farming and an increase in farm numbers resulted in the average land size decrease from 1,8 ha by farm in 1991 to 1,6 ha per farm in 2002. in 2002. Average two parcels per farm were registered in the area in 2002.
-Iloilo was the biggest farmer.
Iloilo had the highest number of farms in the western Visaya provinces, 133.5 miles of farms, comprising 186.3 thousand hectares of farmland. In fact, the province 's total farms represented 31.1 percent of the region's total farms. The agricultural areas of Iloilo accounted for 27.9 per cent of the total area covered by the area. Formerly Iloilo's Guimaras had 16,6 thousand farms, covering 28,5 thousand hectares. For the two provinces, the combined number and area of agricultural farms decreased 0,6% and 14,8%, respectively , compared to the 1991 era. Iloilo was closely followed by western Negros with 132,1 000 farms and a surface area of 277,3 000 hectares. Its farm count rose by 14%, while its agricultural areas were down by approximately the same percent (13.5%) from 1991 to 2002. The largest agricultural zone in the country was also located in this province (41.6%).-In the area planted, Palay was the main temporary crop in the region.
Palay has been the region's largest temporary crop as far as the area planted is concerned. This crop has been planted in 292,5 000 farms in an area of 471,4 000 hectares. The next item in Sugarcane was the reporting of 439000 farms covering 136,1000 hectares. The third place was the maize, representing 68,2000 farms, representing 55,7 000 hectares. In 1991, these crops were also the best provisional crops of the same class as in 2002. In terms of area, all major crops with the exception of leguminous plants decreased, with the biggest decrease in maize of 53.5% compared to the 1991 estimates.
In Negros Westal, the nation's 'sugar bowl,' Sugarcane was the dominant crop. 86.2% of the total area planted with sugarcane in this country was in this province. Western Visaya's other provinces have reported palates as their top provisional crop.-Banana was the permanent crop dominant
The banana was planted with eight million hills in 228.7 thousand farms, which were the main permanent crop in the area. The number of farm records was 29% lower than in 1991 at 11.3 million hills and 34% lower. This was also 32% lower. There were 221.4 thousand fields, followed by coconut trees with 5.8 millions of trees. Coffee robusta is the third most important of all in 7,6 thousand farms with 3,5 million trees. They were also one of 1991 's predominant permanent plants as far as trees / vines / hills were concerned, in addition to ipil-ipil which was the second largest crop in 1991. Bananas and coco were the most common permanent crops in the provinces. In Aklan and Antique, the coconut is the number one crop; in Capiz, Iloilo and Negros, Western, banana; and in Guimaras, the kalamansi.-In Western Visayas, an individual irrigation system was popular
Irrigation was an important means of agricultural crop production. In 2002, West Visaya had approximately 192.9 thousand farms covering an irrigated area of 256,4 000 ha, or 38,4% of the total land of agriculture. The most frequent irrigation system was an individual system that provided water for 50,6,000 farms with 94,1,000 hectares of irrigated area. The next scheme was the cooperative irrigation system, with 47,3 thousand farms covering 47,3 thousand hectares, while the third national irrigation system supplied 42,000 farms with water covering 58,9 thousand hectares of agriculture. Many farms (89,1 thousand) have employed other irrigation systems such as windmills, waters, water fetching, and so on.-Hog raising dominated animal husbandry.
The predominant animal in Western Visaya was hog as of March 2003. In 186,6 thousand farms there were 480,1 thousand heads registered. The number of hogs appeared to be 9.9 percent higher than 436.7 thousand in 1991.The next significant livestock in the area has been the Carabbao development, with a trend of 236,000 heads, despite 15.4% decreasing over the headcount of 278,8,000 in 1991. Likewise, the goat raising, which came to third, decreased in 2002 from 189,000 in 1991 to 154,4,000 heads. Hog breeding was the best animal husbandry in every province in Western Visaya except Guimaras. In Iloilo (32.8%) and Negros Occidental (32%), roughly the same proportion of hogs was increased. In Guimaras, on the other hand, cattle rise was the highest livestock activity.
-Chicken raising was the main practice to increase poultry
The primary task in Western Visaya was to raise chicken. In the region, the total chicken collected from 352,3,000 farms was estimated at 7,3 million, or 26.2% above the 1991 figure of 5.8 million. The second rating was the cane increasing from 712,5 thousand ducks in 1991, which increased to 762,2 thousand in March 2003. The quail rise, which came to 3rd position, also increased to 56 4000 heads. Iloilo and Negros Occidental have made the most of the provinces in this region for the overall chicken increased by 35.5% and 33%, respectively. On the other hand, the region's duck 's population came from Iloilo in more than one third (36.8 percent).-The area was also frequent in ornamental and flower gardening
While most farmers in Western Visaya engaged in traditional farming activities, such as sugarcane planting, palate, maize etc., others also participated in other agricultural activities, including bee growing / honeybee cultivation and silk-worm production. Ornamental and floral gardening (except orchid) was recorded as the most frequent in the area covering approximately four thousand farms for these types of agricultural activities. This figure was nevertheless 60,3% below the 10,1000 farms reported in 1991.Orchid cultivation in 1,9 000 farms in 2002 was practiced as well.
-The farm was dominated by male operators
More male operators than their female counterparts have been engaged in agriculture as predicted. In 2002, 85.7 percent of the overall agricultural operators in the area served male operators (368.2 thousand).-Almost half of the area's operators (48.1 percent) were in the age group between 35 and 54.
-Most household members engaged in agriculture employed in their own farms
Agricultural operators' household members were required to engage in far
Educational
-Decreasing enrollment, malnourished learners, funding constraints, and classroom congestions are among the immediate concerns confronting the Department of Education (DepEd) in the Eastern Visayas region. Specifically, these issues include fluctuating net enrollment rate in the elementary level, high dropout rate, limited access to secondary schools in rural areas, underweight children, lack of an instituted system to track student participation, and operating internet shops near campuses. Other concerns are the lack of community learning centers, lack of alternative learning system teachers, low national achievement test performance, teachers teaching subjects that they did not major in, insufficient school days due to other activities for teachers, inadequate budget, absence of standard monitoring tools for project implementation, and lack of non-teaching staff. a common concern was the intermittent internet signal due to the simultaneous use of students and teachers. In Eastern Visayas, parents and guardians trooped to schools to get the modules for their children. At Leyte National High School, the biggest in the region with 10,000 students, teachers were directed to stay at the school gates to distribute the modules to avoid the spread of the coronavirus. In Lanao del Norte province, teachers had to endure 30 to 45 minutes of travel through big waves to distribute self-learning modules to 260 students in the remote island village of Darumawang Bucana in Lala town.
Livelihood
• Cebuano fisherman,reflects the lifestyle of population of fisherfolk in the Visayas who are migratory , at the same time it suggests a certain negative image of fisherman of himself as someone simply drifting from place to place without any direction or plan.
• Rather than the arbitrariness of these visayan lives, the intention of this article is to reveal the logic in their livelihoods strategies . More specifically ,focusing on a group of fisherfolk originally from southern Cebu, this study will delineate the shift on their livelihood strategies across the seasons and discss how they have made this possible
• TACLOBAN City – In a bid to address the need to provide livelihood opportunities for returning Overseas Filipino Workers (OFWs) and Balik Probinsya Program beneficiaries who lost their livelihood due to the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR), Philippine Fiber Industry Development Authority (PhilFiDA), National Irrigation Authority (NIA), Department of Agriculture (DA), together with An Waray Partylist will craft Eastern Visayas’ Comprehensive Agricultural Plan.
• Fishing inputs and equipment: fishing communities have lost their livelihoods mainly due to damage happened to the boats. It was revealed that the materials and skills required for repair or reconstruction of these boats are locally available. The households who lost their fishing tools or equipment have not yet been recovered.
• Assets/ equipment related to micro-enterprises and trading: Mostly, the business owners and small scale traders who engaged in agriculture and fisheries related training were in a difficult situation in terms of resuming their businesses. The main damage with regards to micro-enterprises was the destruction happened to the business buildings and structures. In addition, the stocks rescued after the typhoon were being consumed or had already consumed, as such,
their livelihood means were deteriorating.
• As part of a livelihood support program, he is now receiving 260 pesos per day for a period of 30 days. With the money he plans to buy food and the medicine he needs to relieve hypertension, for which he needs to spend 20 pesos per day.
• Gamalo is one of 28 beneficiaries of this unconditional cash transfer scheme in the barangay. They are all elderly people who can no longer work and have little if no income.
• The cash grants are part of an ADB-supported program with a total of $20 million being spent on a series of initiatives to support the livelihood of local communities in Eastern Visayas. Flexibility is given to the local authority to decide how to spend the money depending on the needs of the community, including tools like cash for work and conditional and unconditional cash transfers.
Health
-VisayasHealth is a five-year (2013-2018) health service strengthening project of USAID/Philippines implemented in partnership with EngenderHealth. The project provides technical assistance to the DOH through the DOH Regional Offices in the Visayas. It works to address provider bias and FP myths and misconceptions, promote post-partum and other long-acting and permanent FP methods, mobilize community networks for health promotion, and adopt proven high impact interventions.